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$A photo showing a fragmented, close-up human face in muted blue-gray tones, overlaid with distorted textures and streaks of vivid red. The image is heavily manipulated with cracked, glass-like fractures and double-exposure effects that obscure the eyes, evoking themes of psychological rupture, obscured identity, and violence—visually paralleling the article's discussion of ideology-free extremism fixated on aggression itself.$

Extremism without ideology

A photo showing a close-up impasto oil painting of a human face composed of fragmented, palette-knife patches in blue, orange, yellow, red, and white. The mosaic-like brushstrokes assemble piercing blue eyes, nose, and mouth from disparate color blocks, visually evoking the article's "salad bar" metaphor of composite, hybrid extremist worldviews built from diverse ideological fragments.

Why the ‘salad bar’ might actually help extremism research – A reply to Horgan and Shayler

The erosion of conceptual clarity in the study of political violence

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Michael J. Perez

Department of Psychology, Wesleyan University

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Michael J. Perez is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychology at Wesleyan University. Perez's research examines racism, authoritarianism, and colorblindness through a cultural-psychological lens, with additional work addressing critical history and the psychological dimensions of democracy.

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16 Publications

430 Citations

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Publications in advances.in/psychology

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Race, memory, and colorblindness: Critical history and deconstructing United States democracy

By Michael J. Perez, Adam J. Beam, & Payton A. Small

February 2, 2026

Page last updated: June 19, 2026