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A conceptual diagram contrasting two ideology models side by side. The left panel shows scattered, disconnected colored dots against cream and black backgrounds, representing the unstructured "salad bar" mix of beliefs. The right panel shows an organized network of interconnected nodes radiating from a large luminous central sphere, illustrating a structured ideology with a stable sacred core surrounded by linked peripheral operational components.

Sacred-symbolic cores and shifting peripheries: A structural account of ideological change in extremism

By Mirra Noor Milla, Umar H Sulaiman, & Whinda Yustisia

Beyond Bans: Unpacking the Complexities of Social Media Regulation

Deadline: February 28, 2027 (earlier submission is encouraged) Nearly 30 years ago, Robert Kraut and colleagues (1998) proposed…

A conceptual watercolor illustration showing a lone silhouetted human figure standing at the center of a dark, tangled mass of twisted tree branches that fan outward like consuming tendrils against a glowing red-orange background. The dark limbs enveloping the figure symbolize obsessive passion and deliberate engagement with radical ideology, evoking themes of radicalization, entrapment, and the reciprocal pull toward violent extremism.

The radicalization syndrome: Reciprocal dynamics of obsessive passion and deliberate engagement

By Jocelyn J. Bélanger, Daniel W. Snook, Muhammed Rayyan Ahmed, & Jais Adam-Troian

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Umar H Sulaiman

Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia

ORCID Profile Google Scholar

Umar H Sulaiman is a psychology student at the University of Indonesia, where studies began in 2024. Sulaiman's research engages with belief systems, ideological structure, and Jihadism, with work appearing under the Faculty of Psychology at Universitas Indonesia.

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Publications in advances.in/psychology

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Sacred-symbolic cores and shifting peripheries: A structural account of ideological change in extremism

By Mirra Noor Milla, Umar H Sulaiman, & Whinda Yustisia

September 28, 2026

Page last updated: September 28, 2026